http://www.recitequran.com/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/20:1
http://www.recitequran.com/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/20:1
20
Ta-Ha
Ta-Ha
Ibn Kathir - English
Verse
1
Page 312
Which was revealed at Makkah
﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
﴿ طه • مَآ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَيۡكَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ لِتَشۡقَىٰٓ • إِلَّا تَذۡڪِرَةً۬ لِّمَن يَخۡشَىٰ • تَنزِيلاً۬ مِّمَّنۡ خَلَقَ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ وَٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ ٱلۡعُلَى • ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنُ عَلَى ٱلۡعَرۡشِ ٱسۡتَوَىٰ • لَهُ ۥ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا بَيۡنَہُمَا وَمَا تَحۡتَ ٱلثَّرَىٰ • وَإِن تَجۡهَرۡ بِٱلۡقَوۡلِ فَإِنَّهُ ۥ يَعۡلَمُ ٱلسِّرَّ وَأَخۡفَى • ٱللَّهُ لَآ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَۖ لَهُ ٱلۡأَسۡمَآءُ ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰ ﴾
(1.
Ta Ha.) (2. We have not sent down the Qur'an unto you to cause you
distress,) (3. But only as a Reminder to those who fear (Allah).) (4. A
revelation from Him Who created the earth and high heavens.) (5. The
Most Gracious Istawa the Throne.) (6. To Him belongs all that is in the
heavens and all that is on the earth, and all that is between them, and
all that is under the soil.) (7. And if you speak aloud, then verily, He
knows the secret and that which is yet more hidden.) (8. Allah! There
is no God but Him! To Him belong the Best Names.)
The Qur'an is a Reminder and a Revelation from Allah
We
have already discussed the separated letters at the beginning of Surah
Al-Baqarah, so there is no need to repeat its discussion here. Allah
says,
﴿ مَآ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَيۡكَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ لِتَشۡقَىٰٓ ﴾
(We
have not sent down the Qur'an unto you to cause you distress,) Juwaybir
reported that Ad-Dahhak said, "When Allah sent the Qur'an down to His
Messenger, he and his Companions adh- ered to it. Thus, the idolators of
the Quraysh said, `This Qur'an was only reve- aled to Muhammad to cause
him distress.' Therefore, Allah revealed,
﴿ طه • مَآ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَيۡكَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ لِتَشۡقَىٰٓ • إِلَّا تَذۡڪِرَةً۬ لِّمَن يَخۡشَىٰ ﴾
(Ta
Ha. We have not sent down the Qur'an unto you to cause you distress,
but only as a Reminder to those who fear (Allah).) The matter is not
like the people of falsehood claim. Rather, whomever Allah gives
knowledge to, it is because Allah wants him to have an abundance of
good. This like what is confirmed in the Two Sahihs on the authority of
Ibn Mas`ud, who said that the Messenger of Allah said,
« مَنْ يُرِدِ اللهُ بِهِ خَيْرًا يُفَقِّهْهُ فِي الدِّين »
(Whomever Allah wants good for, then He gives him the understanding of the religion.) Mujahid commented on Allah's statement,
﴿ مَآ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَيۡكَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ لِتَشۡقَىٰٓ ﴾
(We have not sent down the Qur'an unto you to cause you distress,) "This is like His statement,
﴿ مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنۡهُۚ وَأَقِيمُواْ ﴾
(So
recite as much of the Qur'an as may be easy (for you).) (73:20) For,
the people used to hang ropes at their chests (to hang on to when tired)
in the prayer.'' Qatadah said,
﴿ مَآ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَيۡكَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ لِتَشۡقَىٰٓ ﴾
(We
have not sent down the Qur'an unto you to cause you distress,) "No, by
Allah, He did not make it a thing of distress. Rather, He made it a
mercy, a light and a guide to Paradise.'' Allah said,
﴿ إِلَّا تَذۡڪِرَةً۬ لِّمَن يَخۡشَىٰ ﴾
(But
only as a Reminder to those who fear (Allah).) Allah revealed His Book
and sent His Messenger as a mercy for His servants, so that the person
who reflects may be reminded. Thus, a man will benefit from what he
hears of the Book of Allah, it is a remembrance in which Allah revealed
what He permits and prohibits. His saying,
﴿ تَنزِيلاً۬ مِّمَّنۡ خَلَقَ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ وَٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ ٱلۡعُلَى ﴾
(A
Revelation from Him (Allah) Who has created the earth and high heavens.
) means, `This Qur'an, which has come to you, O Muhammad, is a
revelation from your Lord. He is the Lord of everything and its King. He
is Most Able to do whatever He wills. He created the earth with its low
depths and dense regions. He created the lofty heavens with their high
altitudes and subtleties.' It has been reported in a Hadith, which
At-Tirmidhi and others graded as authentic, that the density of each sky
of the heavens is the distance of five hundred years travel and the
distance between it and the next heaven is also five hundred years.
Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنُ عَلَى ٱلۡعَرۡشِ ٱسۡتَوَىٰ ﴾
(The
Most Gracious Istawa the Throne.) A discussion concerning this has
already preceded in Surat Al-A`raf, so there is no need to repeat it
here. The safest path to take in understanding this, is the way of the
Salaf (predecessors). Their way was to accept that which has been
reported concerning this from the Book and the Sunnah without describing
it, reinterpreting it, resembling it to creation, rejecting it, or
comparing it to attributes of the creatures. Concerning Allah's
statement,
﴿ لَهُ ۥ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا بَيۡنَہُمَا وَمَا تَحۡتَ ٱلثَّرَىٰ ﴾
(To
Him belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth,
and all that is between them, and all that is under the soil.) This
means all of this is owned by Him and in His grasp. It is all under His
control, will, intent and judgement. He created all of this, He owns it
and He is the God of all of it. There is no true God other than He and
no Lord other than He. Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿ وَمَا تَحۡتَ ٱلثَّرَىٰ ﴾
(and
all that is under the soil.) Muhammad bin Ka`b said, "This means that
which is beneath the seventh earth.'' Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿ وَإِن تَجۡهَرۡ بِٱلۡقَوۡلِ فَإِنَّهُ ۥ يَعۡلَمُ ٱلسِّرَّ وَأَخۡفَى ﴾
(And
if you speak aloud, then verily, He knows the secret and that which is
yet more hidden.) This means that He Who revealed this Qur'an, has also
created the high heavens and the earth and He knows that which is secret
and what is even more hidden. As Allah says,
﴿ قُلۡ أَنزَلَهُ ٱلَّذِى يَعۡلَمُ ٱلسِّرَّ فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ إِنَّهُ ۥ ڪَانَ غَفُورً۬ا رَّحِيمً۬ا ﴾
(Say:
"It has been sent down by Him Who knows the secret of the heavens and
the earth. Truly, He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.'') (25:6) `Ali bin
Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said,
﴿ يَعۡلَمُ ٱلسِّرَّ وَأَخۡفَى ﴾
(He knows the secret and that which is yet more hidden.) "The secret is what the son of Adam hides within himself, and
﴿ وَأَخۡفَى ﴾
(that
which is yet more hidden. ) is the deeds of the son of Adam, which are
hidden before he does them. Allah knows all of that. His knowledge
encompasses that which has passed and that which is in the future and it
is one, complete knowledge. In this regard, all of the creatures are as
one soul to Him. That is the meaning of His statement,
﴿ مَّا خَلۡقُكُمۡ وَلَا بَعۡثُكُمۡ إِلَّا ڪَنَفۡسٍ۬ وَٲحِدَةٍۗ ﴾
(The creation of you all and the resurrection of you all are only as a single person.) (31:28) Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿ ٱللَّهُ لَآ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَۖ لَهُ ٱلۡأَسۡمَآءُ ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰ ﴾
(Allah!
There is no God but Him! To Him belongs the Best Names.) This means,
`He Who revealed this Qur'an to you (O Muhammad), He is Allah, there is
no God except Him. He is the Owner of the Best Names and the most lofty
attributes.'
﴿ وَهَلۡ أَتَٮٰكَ حَدِيثُ مُوسَىٰٓ •
إِذۡ رَءَا نَارً۬ا فَقَالَ لِأَهۡلِهِ ٱمۡكُثُوٓاْ إِنِّىٓ ءَانَسۡتُ
نَارً۬ا لَّعَلِّىٓ ءَاتِيكُم مِّنۡہَا بِقَبَسٍ أَوۡ أَجِدُ عَلَى
ٱلنَّارِ هُدً۬ى ﴾
(9.
And has there come to you the story of Musa) (10. When he saw a fire,
he said to his family: "Wait! Verily, I have seen a fire; perhaps I can
bring you some burning brand therefrom, or find some guidance at the
fire.'')
A Discussion of the Message of Musa
From
this point, Allah begins to mention the story of Musa, how revelation
began to come to Him, and Allah's speaking directly to him. This
occurred after Musa had completed the time agreed upon between he and
his father-in-law that he would herd sheep. He was traveling with his
family, and it has been said that he was headed for the land of Egypt,
after having been away from it for more than ten years. He had his wife
with him and he became lost on the way during a cold, wintery night.
Therefore, he settled down, making a camp between some mountain passes
and mountains that were covered with snow, sleet, dense clouds, darkness
and fog. He began to try to make a fire with a kindling device he had
with him, in order to produce some light, as was customary. However, it
would not kindle anything and it even stopped giving off sparks. While
he was in this condition, he saw a fire from the side of the mountain.
It appeared to him to be a fire glowing from the right side of the
mountain from where he was. He then announced the good news to his
family saying,
﴿ إِنِّىٓ ءَانَسۡتُ نَارً۬ا لَّعَلِّىٓ ءَاتِيكُم مِّنۡہَا بِقَبَسٍ ﴾
(Verily,
I have seen a fire; perhaps I can bring you some burning brand) This
means a flame from a fire. In another Ayah he said,
﴿ أَوۡ جَذۡوَةٍ۬ مِّنَ ٱلنَّارِ ﴾
(or a burning firebrand.) (28:29) This is a coal that has a burning flame.
﴿ لَّعَلَّكُمۡ تَصۡطَلُونَ ﴾
(that you may warm yourselves. ) ﴿28:29﴾ This proves that it was in fact cold weather at that time. Concerning his statement,
﴿ بِقَبَسٍ ﴾
(some burning brand) This proves that it was dark. In reference to his statement,
﴿ أَوۡ أَجِدُ عَلَى ٱلنَّارِ هُدً۬ى ﴾
(or
find some guidance at the fire.) This means someone who can guide me to
the road. This proves that he lost the road. This is as Ath-Thawri
reported from Abu Sa`id Al-A`war, from `Ikrimah, from Ibn `Abbas that he
said concerning Allah's statement,
﴿ أَوۡ أَجِدُ عَلَى ٱلنَّارِ هُدً۬ى ﴾
(or
find some guidance at the fire.) "This means someone who will guide me
to the road. They were cold and had lost their way. Then, when he (Musa)
saw the fire he said, `Either I will find someone who can guide us to
the road, or at least I can bring you all some fire that you can kindle
with.' ''
﴿ فَلَمَّآ أَتَٮٰهَا نُودِىَ يَـٰمُوسَىٰٓ • إِنِّىٓ أَنَا۟ رَبُّكَ فَٱخۡلَعۡ نَعۡلَيۡكَۖ إِنَّكَ بِٱلۡوَادِ ٱلۡمُقَدَّسِ طُوً۬ى • وَأَنَا ٱخۡتَرۡتُكَ فَٱسۡتَمِعۡ لِمَا يُوحَىٰٓ • إِنَّنِىٓ أَنَا ٱللَّهُ لَآ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّآ أَنَا۟ فَٱعۡبُدۡنِى وَأَقِمِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ لِذِڪۡرِىٓ • إِنَّ ٱلسَّاعَةَ ءَاتِيَةٌ أَكَادُ أُخۡفِيہَا لِتُجۡزَىٰ كُلُّ نَفۡسِۭ بِمَا تَسۡعَىٰ • فَلَا يَصُدَّنَّكَ عَنۡہَا مَن لَّا يُؤۡمِنُ بِہَا وَٱتَّبَعَ هَوَٮٰهُ فَتَرۡدَىٰ ﴾
(11.
And when he came to it (the fire), he was called by name: "O Musa!'')
(12. "Verily, I am your Lord! So take off your shoes; you are in the
sacred valley, Tuwa.'') (13. "And I have chosen you. So listen to that
which will be revealed (to you)'') (14. "Verily, I am Allah! There is no
God but Me, so worship Me, and perform Salah for My remembrance.'')
(15. "Verily, the Hour is coming -- and I am almost hiding it -- that
every person may be rewarded for that which he strives.'') (16.
"Therefore, let not the one who believes not therein, but follows his
own lusts, divert you therefrom, lest you perish.'')
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